History of "La Pastorela"

History of "La Pastorela"

La Pastorela is a unique and vibrant Christmas tradition in Mexico that combines faith, storytelling, and local culture. Performed during the holiday season, this theatrical presentation brings communities together to celebrate the Nativity story in a lively and engaging way. In this article, we’ll explore the origins, history, and contemporary customs of La Pastorela while delving into its regional variations.

La Pastorela, meaning “The Shepherd’s Play,” is a theatrical performance that depicts the biblical story of shepherds traveling to Bethlehem to see the newborn Jesus. Along their journey, they face obstacles, often represented by mischievous devils, and receive help from angels. Filled with humor, music, and moral lessons, La Pastorela is a cornerstone of Mexican Christmas festivities.

Origins

The roots of La Pastorela trace back to medieval Europe, where religious plays known as mystery plays were used to teach the Bible to an illiterate audience. Spanish missionaries brought these traditions to Mexico in the 16th century as a way to spread Christianity among Indigenous communities. Over time, the play incorporated elements of Mexican folklore, language, and humor.

 History of the Tradition in Mexico

In colonial Mexico, La Pastorela was performed in churches and open plazas. It became an effective tool for teaching Catholic beliefs while blending Indigenous and Spanish cultures. Over the centuries, the performance evolved, with local communities adding their own interpretations, costumes, and comedic elements. By the 19th century, La Pastorela had become a deeply ingrained part of Mexican Christmas celebrations.

Present-Day Customs

Today, La Pastorela continues to be a cherished tradition. Performances take place in schools, churches, community centers, and even theaters. Families and neighbors come together to rehearse and perform the play, often adding modern jokes and references. The storyline typically involves themes of good versus evil, with angels helping the shepherds overcome the devils’ tricks to reach the Nativity scene.

Costumes are a key feature: shepherds wear simple, rustic attire, while devils don vibrant, exaggerated outfits. Music, dance, and local food often accompany these performances, creating a festive atmosphere.

 Regional Variations

While the core narrative of La Pastorela remains consistent, its presentation varies across Mexico:

• Central Mexico (e.g., Mexico City, Puebla): Performances often include elaborate sets, live music, and professional actors. Humor and satire are emphasized, sometimes reflecting political or social themes

• Northern Mexico: The play incorporates cowboy culture, with shepherds dressed as ranchers and devils portrayed as bandits.

• Southern Mexico (e.g., Oaxaca, Chiapas): Indigenous languages and traditions are often integrated, with rituals or dances unique to the region.

• Veracruz: The performance features Afro-Caribbean influences, with vibrant costumes and rhythmic drumming.

In conclusion La Pastorela is more than just a play; it is a living tradition that unites communities, preserves cultural heritage, and celebrates faith in a joyful, creative way. Its enduring popularity reflects the adaptability and resilience of Mexican culture, blending the sacred and the playful in a uniquely festive manner.